Parallel Reasoning

Don’t panic when you don’t know what the answer choices are saying. Chances are high that those ACs are wrong questions. Just skim through the ACs until you see the correct one. If you don’t find the right AC, then just go through the ACs one more time, more carefully than the first time to see if you have missed any details.

 

Correlation -> Probable Causation

PT14 S4 Q8

PT53 S1 Q19 (A)

 

Correlation/Causation Mistakes

PT40 S1 Q23

PT53 S1 Q19 (A)

 

Temporal Causation

PT4 S4 Q20

 

Conditional Reasoning + Causation

PT3 S4 Q3 ( A->B, Not B because Not A.)

 

Not A -> B can C. Not B, not from C, but from A.

PT53 S3 #23

 

Conditional Reasoning Repeat Form (Modus Ponens):

PT22 S2 Q16 CC (E) (Main premise in the middle with a sufficient indicator appearing in the midst of the sentence)

PT18 S2 Q13 CC (C) (Conditional reasoning appearing later and it is hidden by superfluous information earlier in the stimulus).

PT19 S4 Q24 CC (A) (Conditional reasoning and affirmation of the sufficient condition appearing all in one sentence, Difficult)

PT33 S1 Q23 (B)

PT15 S3 Q13

PT18 S2 Q13

PT46 S2 Q18 (C), Inductive Reasoning Element included

 

Conditional Reasoning Repeat Form, a third-party opinion

PT70 S1 Q19 (C)

 

Conditional Reasoning Chain Rule

PT31 S3 Q18 (A)x

PT3 S2 Q1

PT54 S2 Q23 (C)

PT54 S4 Q25 (C)

PT57 S2 Q19 (C), The AC appear in contrapositive form.

 

Modus Tollens/Contrapositive:

PT28 S1 Q13 CC (C) (Pseudo/Loose-contrapositive, all the other ACs blatantly wrong, POE., 1 premise, 1 intermed. Conclusion, 1 major conclusion to match)

PT20 S4 Q15 CC (B)

PT21 S3 Q22 CC (C)

PT21 S3 Q22

PT25 S2 Q22

PT30 S4 Q9 (B)

PT40 S3 Q25 (Assumption Needed.)

PT1 S3 Q6

PT6 S3 Q14

PT7 S1 Q13

PT9 S2 Q25 (Variation)

PT12 S1 Q23

PT15 S2 Q18

PT71 S1 Q21 (C), Modifier important.

Similar question: PT31 S2 Q21 (C) (Modifiers are important)

 

DeMorgan’s Law

PT23 S3 Q18 CC (C) (And/Or, Common sense assumption needed, read carefully)

PTB S1 Q12 (DeMorgan’s Law)

PT41 S1 Q15 (C)

 

Conditional Reasoning MISC

PT26 S2 Q16 CC (Or) (C)

PT18 S4 Q20 CC (A) (Sufficient condition not being triggered)

PT20 S1 Q19 CC (D) (Dual Premises each independently supporting the conclusion).

PT23 S2 Q25 CC (B) (Chain, the Correct Answer muddied with relative pronouns.)

PT39 S2 Q8 (A -> B or C, Not B & Not C -> Not A.)

PT32 S1 Q16 (A)

PT18 S4 Q20 (‘A’ case does not fall under the conditional reasoning ‘B’ -> ‘C’.)

PT57 S3 Q20 (E)

 

Conditional Reasoning SOME

PT1 S4 Q24

PT17 S3 Q13 CC (Some) (D)

 

Mistaken Reversal (Affirming the Consequent)

PT41 S3 Q24 (E) (Mistaken Reversal Variation), A -> B. B. Therefore, Might be A.

 

Analogy

PT25 S4 Q22 CC (C) (Improbable, Have X but not use X is like, have Y but not use Y.)    

PT25 S4 Q20 (Has the capability but do not use it.)

PT11 S2 Q25 (Toxic in large does, beneficial in small dose.)

 

Transitive Property

PT19 S2 Q20 CC (B) (Quasi-transitive property.)

PT30 S2 Q14 (D) (A CAN cause B, B CAN cause C, therefore, A CAN cause C.)

 

A-> B or C. Not B. if A, then C.

PT24 S2 Q13 CC (D)

 

Direct Proportionality

PT24 S3 Q21 CC (A)

 

According to X, A never happens. According to Y, A happens. If X is correct, either Y is wrong or Y happens in a way that is compatible with X.

PT33 S3 Q22 CC (C)

This question is famous (in our class) for demonstrating The Conclusion Shortcut on Matching questions.

Since the answer choices to Matching questions are so long and dense, it sometimes worth it to JUST find the conclusion on the 1st pass and see if the answer choice even has a shot.

Because our original conclusion is such a particular type of claim, a conditional statement with an either/or in the consequence, it'll be pretty easy to search for. - - Manhattan ohthatpatrick -.

 

X’ vs. Y’ is a bigger issue than X vs Y.

PT17 S2 Q24 CC (A) (Key word: “Deflecting attention from the fact.”)

 

Ad Hominem (Source Attack)

PT28 S3 Q26 CC (D)

 

A -> B, B is prioritized over A because B is a necessary condition for A.

PT29 S1 Q13 CC (E) (Except question type)

 

The higher the A, the Higher the B.

PT35 S4 Q23 CC (D)

 

One factor is not sufficient to guarantee a conclusion. You need at least one other factor.

PT22 S4 Q20 CC (B)

 

Circular Reasoning

PT25 S2 Q22 CC (Quasi) (A)

 

Some, Most

PT27 S1 Q26 CC (D)

 

Contradiction

PT34 S2 Q6 (B)

 

False Dilemma

PT34 S3 Q25 (A) ( Jordan: “A” -> Negative Outcome, NOT “A” -> Negative Outcome Also. We have a dilemma. Terry: “A” can happen without negative consequences.)

 

Affirming the Consequent

PT1 S3 Q2

 

A some B; A some Not B. Therefore, B is not essential to A.

 

Whole vs. Individual

PT4 S1 Q20

 

Usually X, but this time it’s NOT X. Exception.

PT5 S1 Q20

 

Current policy, what is the case, and then what it should be like.

PT7 S4 Q25

 

All birds have wings, but not all birds use wings to fly

PT8 S1 Q16

 

Your reason for NOT doing B is not enough. Because you’re doing C, D, E, etc. that shares the same problems as B.

PT10 S4 Q12

 

Determined either by A or B. A applies to all. So it must be B that is a determining factor.

PT13 S4 Q24

 

No reason to get angry. It results in either A or B, and both results are rational outcomes.

PT4 S4 Q15

 

Comparison

PT9 S4 Q15

PT16 S2 Q19

 

Deflection

PT17 S2 Q24

 

What some others claim vs. two other sources

PT13 S2 Q8

 

A principle that leads to equal conflicts

PT14 S2 Q15

 

Conflict

PT6 S2 Q25

 

Inference

PT16 S3 Q22

 

Relative Comparison. # of A > # of B. Each A is in B. Therefore, at least one B has more than one A.

PTA S4 Q23

 

A and B are different. A doesn’t necessarily guarantee B.

PT47 S1 Q15

 

Among the set of A, B, C, D, etc. A is the easiest. So emphasize A when doing the set that includes others as well.

PT47 S3 Q18

 

Prohibiting B leads to C, which is worse than B. So don’t prohibit B.

PT31 S2 Q23 (B)

 

Matching ‘AND’ / ‘OR’

PT39 S2 Q8 (B)

 

Counter-intuitive results

PT39 S4 Q24 (E)

 

Offset. Overall not better.

PT38 S1 Q22 (C)

 

X in itself is not the problem. How we DO X matters.

PT53 S3 Q23 (D)

 

Sample Size error

PT61 S4 Q9 (D)

 

Structure/Reasoning Similarity

PT71 S1 Q12 (B) Infinite Regress

 

A and B similar. Causes of B. Causes of A superset.

PT71 S3 Q15 (A)

 

A->B-> C or D. If not C, then Not A or D.

PT71 S3 Q24 (A)